中藥資料庫

用於風寒感冒，胸悶喘咳，風水浮腫。蜜麻黃潤肺止咳。多用於表證已解，氣喘咳嗽

本品發散力強，凡表虛自汗、陰虛盜汗及虛喘均當慎用

中樞神經系統和心血管不良反應 [1,2]，心悸風險增加，精神，植物神經和胃腸道不良反應 [3]，麻黃或麻黃鹼配合咖啡因增加心臟毒性 [4]，高血壓 [1]

大劑量麻黃可導致神經緊張，頭痛，失眠，頭暈，心悸，皮膚潮紅及發麻，嘔吐持續長時間使用的口服製劑可能會導致依賴性 [5]

長期連續 (3日) 外用麻黃製劑，用於鼻塞的治療，可能會引起反彈充血和慢性鼻炎 [6]

Haller CA, Benowitz NL (2001) Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. ACC Current Journal Review, 10, 3, 25-26.

Morgenstern LB, Viscoli CM, Kernan WN, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Feldmann E, Wilterdink JL, Brott T, Horwitz RI (2003) Use of Ephedra- containing products and risk for hemorrhagic stroke. Neurology, 60, 1, 132-135.

Shekelle PG, Hardy ML, Morton SC, Maglione M, Mojica WA, Suttorp MJ, Rhodes SL, Jungvig L, Gagné J. Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance. JAMA 2003; 289: 1537–1545.

Dunnick JK, Kissling G, Gerken DK, Vallant MA, Nyska A (2007) Cardiotoxicity of Ma Huang/ caffeine or ephedrine/ caffeine in a rodent model system. Toxicol.Pathol., 35, 5, 657-664.

German Commission E Monograph, Ephedrae herba. Bundesanzeiger, 1991, 11:17 January.

Handbook of non-prescription drugs, 8th ed. Washington, DC, American Pharmaceutical Association, 1986

Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E (2005) Adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review. OBESITY REVIEWS, 6, 2, 93-111.

Anonymous (2001) Dietary supplements research highlights. The Lancet, 358, 9293, 1655-1655.

Haller CA (2006) Clinical approach to adverse events and interactions related to herbal and dietary supplements, 44, 5, 605-610.

Kim H-, Park J-, Kim J-, Ko B- (2008) Effect of herbal Ephedra sinica and Evodia rutaecarpa on body composition and resting metabolic rate: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial in Korean premenopausal women. JAMS Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian S

Pipe A (2004) Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14, 3, 188-189.